George Saintsbury

Published in 1913, Saintsbury's study of the history of the novel in England examines its influences and origins. His critical essays include discussions on the works of Swift, Scott, Thackeray, Austen, Dickens, as well as writers of the late-nineteenth century.

This 1898 survey evaluates English literature on its own merits, including the earliest Anglo-Saxon poems such as Beowulf, the early and late romances, the innovations of Chaucer and the Scottish poets, the genius of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, Milton, Dryden, Pope, as well as the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries-with a section on Victorian literature.

The brilliant military career of John Churchill, the First Duke of Malrborough (1650-1722), spanned five monarchs and included shifting loyalties. This 1885 life story tries to correct the imbalance of previous biographies-giving ample space to each part of the Duke's life-and emphasizes his work as a diplomat as well as soldier. Part of the prestigious "English Worthies" series of biographies edited by Andrew Lang.

Hailed as the world's first novel, "Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded" by Samuel Richardson is a gripping tale about a beautiful young maidservant in mid-1700's England. After her employer dies, the employer's son begins making advances toward her. The virtuous girl tries to stave off his advances, but Mr. B's desperation eventually causes him to kidnap her in a misguided attempt to try and make her understand how much he loves her. When he realizes that...

Honoré de Balzac's great theme was money, and in his best-loved novel, Old Goriot, he explored its uses and abuses with the particularity of a poet. A shabby Parisian boarding house in 1819 is the setting where his colorful characters collide. These include an elderly retired merchant called Old Goriot, who has bankrupted himself for the sake of his two rapacious, social-climbing daughters, Delphine and Anastasie; a mysterious and sinister conspirator...